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Avail Best of the Dodge With New Monroeville Dodge

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Streamlining Electronic Regulatory Submissions With Submission-ready Pdf Files

As the business world turns its attention from back office automation to front office efficiency the need to streamline document and information management is starting to play an increasingly important role. This has never been more relevant than in the pharmaceutical industry. Enterprise Content Management applications, eCTD software and other information management tools all provide benefits that are designed to better manage information and streamline document workflows. As much as these applications aid in general contributions to document management, there are still further requirements in regulatory submissions that the generalities of these applications don’t address. The cost of government and regulatory compliance leaves a lot of room for improvement, a key area being the document conversion and publishing process. The real and opportunity costs of non-compliance leave most companies spending an inordinate amount of time and money ensuring document quality and compliance. What if there was a tool that would not only automate document conversion and publishing but reduce the need to perform quality checks and balances? Streamlining the sub mission process not only saves money but it can generate millions of dollars on the back end of the life cycle of the product. This article talks about real-world process improvements, cost reductions and the opportunities for streamlining document submission processes, highlighted by applications with proven track records.

Time to market has always been a critical success factor for manufacturers and marketers of consumer products. But when every day’s delay can mean millions against your bottom line and when your product might mean the difference between life and death for millions of people worldwide, the stakes are that much higher. These are the stakes that leaders of Life Sciences and Pharmaceutical companies must contend with every time a new drug or technology is faced with regulatory approval. For a blockbuster drug like LIPITOR® or NEXIUM®, that are now prescribed in excess of $10 million every day, reaching the marketplace quickly can make or break the financial quarter or even a full fiscal year. High stakes indeed.

The regulatory minefield

For Life Sciences and Pharmaceutical companies, time to market is always held hostage, to some degree, by the global regulatory landscape. Few industries face regulation on the same scale and level of complexity. Such intense oversight and scrutiny is reasonable for an industry of such intricacy and potential impact on the health and wellbeing of much of the world’s population. At the same time, the agencies that impose these regulations, like the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States, face intense pressures of their own.

Recent media and congressional examination of several high-profile cases in the drug industry have put the FDA and its international counterparts firmly on the defensive. This is not good news for the industry. Scandals surrounding first the cardiovascular effects associated with Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), and more recently the “sleep driving” and “sleep eating” side effects of popular new insomnia treatments are causing a significant retrenchment within the regulatory community. The FDA in particular is facing growing pressure for congressional action to address these issues but the proposals currently under consideration, in the opinion of many industry players, would harm, not improve, patient safety by making it more difficult to get promising new drugs approved and into the hands of doctors and patients.

The FDA has also been perceived in the past as “cozying up” to the industry and of rushing promising new drugs and technologies to market without an adequate paper trail. The result of this perception, justified or not, is heightened scrutiny, leading the agency to become progressively more conservative and defensive in its decision-making and in its approach to reviewing and approving submissions for new medicines and technologies. At the same time, promising new areas of study such as the Human Genome Project (HGP) are turbo-charging innovation and discoveries in the research community. In fact, the Wall Street Journal recently cataloged over $1 billion worth of currently pending IPO filings and there is a growing collection of existing bio-engineering companies applying HGP concepts in the marketplace.

The combination of more rigorous oversight, increasing threats of litigation and the explosion of complex, technology-driven areas of research have created a perfect storm for companies looking to succeed in this complicated landscape. It has also led to an atomic explosion in the size and complexity of submissions related to new drugs and technologies. Though this cutting edge research is conducted using the latest technology, it is remarkable how often the key results are compiled and maintained on nothing more sophisticated than a series of unconnected MS Word documents and even hand-written forms. Documentation for a single research study may consist of tens of thousands of pages with a full submission including multiple study results documents. Extend this over multiple jurisdictions, different languages, add in the complexity of joint ventures, patent laws, sub-contracting and outsourcing research and it is hardly surprising that some FDA and EMEA (European Medicines Agency) submissions were traditionally delivered not by the box load but by the truck load.

Electronic submissions: technology to the rescue?

When every day is critical, ensuring that you have effective electronic regulatory submission processes and technologies in place is “table stakes”. Having leading-edge document management technologies coupled with collaborative document transformation tools, on the other hand, is a significant competitive advantage. The effective implementation of these technologies can significantly accelerate submission lifecycles that contributes directly to the bottom line.

Preparing submission compliant documents, typically in PDF, is a time-consuming and highly iterative process critical to successful submissions. As discussed earlier, the highly collaborative and fractured nature of the research and development process means that many of the original source documents that make up the submission need to be manually reworked. The rework stems from deficiencies inherent in MS Word, particularly the inability to retain key navigation information during conversion to PDF. This kind of manual rework is time-consuming, prone to error and, not surprisingly, very expensive. These deficiencies can be overcome during the PDF creation process by having the right technology in place.

Not all solutions are created equal

The excessive size of these submissions is also a significant burden for the agencies themselves. For its part, the FDA plans to streamline and simplify the process by moving all submissions to an automated electronic platform by the end of 2007, with the caveat that this may be pushed out to a later date. The standard, known as eCTD (electronic Common Technical Documents) is an interface between industry and agency for transferring regulatory information while at the same time taking into consideration the facilitation of the creation, review, lifecycle management and archival of the electronic submission. The specification has set criteria that make electronic submissions technically valid, and any eCTD-compliant submission prepared in any compliant environment can be transferred to another environment built on technology from another vendor. In theory it sounds ideal, however in practice it should be remembered that not all technologies are created equal.

With the FDA demanding the use of the eCTD format, the leading players in Life Sciences and Pharmaceuticals were quick to make the transition; recognizing the opportunity to streamline their own processes and take advantage of the inherent cost savings. Even companies not required to make eCTD compliant submissions are seeing the advantages of an electronic workflow in accelerating time to market. They are finding ways to leverage the technology and transform eCTD into suitable printed CTD. These companies have also seen the way the wind is blowing with the news that the European Union has mandated that all 27 member countries be ready to accept eCTD submissions by 2009. Can the chapter of paper submissions be nearing its end? Can the rest of the world be far behind?

There is no shortage of document workflow, rendering and output solutions available but the requirements for eCTD compliant submissions are unique and require an integrated solution that puts the focus where it belongs, squarely on delivering final submissions that can handle the complex, ever-evolving landscape of this leading edge industry. The documents for an Investigational New Drug Application (IND) or New Drug Application (NDA) submission are always “in play”, constantly under review, endlessly annotated and eternally being “improved”. These improvements must not corrupt the perfection of the submission, which is often the result of post-production re-rendering where critical errors are made or repeated.

Software applications, like those offered by Adlib Software, avoid these pitfalls by focusing on document rendering quality while employing a design philosophy of stable, open protocols and standards such as XML and Web services. Adlib’s document transformation technologies streamline the rendering process for documents being used in the submissions process. By integrating seamlessly into the document workflow, any source document can be easily rendered automatically into a submission-ready PDF.

Robust rendering is the core

Robust PDF rendering forms the backbone of any document management workflow and is the lifeblood that flows through the entire eCTD submission lifecycle. By creating higher quality renditions, quality assurance churn can be reduced to only minutes per document. This is a significant process acceleration over traditional QA cycles, searching for missing, broken and invalid hyperlinks, that usually takes hours to complete. The cost savings, projected over submissions running into the hundreds of thousands or even millions of pages, have proven to be enormous.

Submission-ready PDFs are infinitely flexible and contain an almost limitless set of features. These PDF outputs can be readily equipped with essential elements like version control, downgrading, font embedding, automated Table of Contents creation, audit history and submission taxonomy. These PDF documents are also flexible and scalable at every stage of the submission lifecycle, particularly important given the FDA’s increasingly aggressive use of post-marketing “risk minimization action plans” (RiskMAPs), including the requirement to submit additional safety information (such as larger safety studies to screen earlier for relatively rare potential adverse reactions), after the original submission is made.

The right instruments: powerful, flexible and nimble

When it comes to partnering with leading edge players in Life Sciences and Pharmaceuticals, Adlib Software is uniquely positioned to supercharge the submissions process with its powerful document transformation framework anchored by Adlib Express Server and Express Web Services. For more than 10 years, Adlib has enabled several key industry players to gain a competitive advantage by maximizing the efficiency of document workflows. The difference with Adlib Software’s solutions compared to some of the other PDF rendering engines is that Adlib Software cut its teeth working with global Life Sciences partners to ensure that the quality and fidelity of its PDF renditions not only meet but exceed the demands of regulatory submissions.

Several of Adlib’s customers have reported savings amounting to millions of dollars with the majority of the direct cost savings coming from substantial QA cycle time reductions due to unprecedented confidence in PDF rendering quality. QA has been reduced to a couple of minutes compared to what used to take hours. Given the sheer volume of document rendering that takes place for just one submission and multiply that by the number of submissions performed each year, the numbers add up quickly. The indirect impact, although harder to measure may even have a greater impact on the bottom line. By streamlining the submission process and providing higher quality submissions, product hits the market sooner. As mentioned earlier, each day gained could be worth millions of dollars in extra sales. Not a bad ROI is it.

With its advanced publishing features and support for multiple formats including MS Office-based sources, Adlib Express Server applications give companies all of the advanced features necessary to significantly accelerate submission compliant document workflows. Some of these features include automated, accurate optical character recognition (OCR) to create searchable files from images and PDFs, stamping to create headers, footers, volume numbers and cross-references from hyperlinks, as well as dynamic Tables of Contents generation capabilities. Importantly, Adlib Express also normalizes hyperlink styles to meet FDA standards and includes advanced bookmarking control with the ability to merge and/or volumize PDFs based on page count, size or other variables. Adlib solutions are XML-ready with XML Job Ticket support and Web services. A truly complete solution.

Adlib Software then takes things to the next level with its Exhibit product. Exhibit enables organizations to leverage existing XML backbones, as well as folder structures for Rest of World (ROW) submissions in either paper or volumized PDF formats. Exhibit works with eCTDs as well as other submission formats (e.g. 510k) and with other applications to provide the ultimate in flexibility and interoperability.

Exhibit was developed in partnership with several world leading pharmaceutical companies to automate the process of creating paper-based submissions from eCTDs. It’s a collaborative browser-based solution that optimizes the capabilities of Adlib Express Server to prepare electronic submissions for print or volumized PDF destinations. It includes the ability to convert electronic hyperlinks into paper-based bookmarks and references as well as automated features that allow for intelligent document assembly; modifying Tables of Contents, page scaling, the application of headers and footers, page numbers and the insertion of tabs and slip sheets. All of these advanced operations are available with Express Server but leveraged through applications like Exhibit.

The benefits of a solution like Adlib Express Server is that the scalable conversion, publishing and OCR functionality can be leveraged for not only regulatory submission processes but it can also be applied across the entire enterprise to create a complete rendering framework for all sorts of document workflows. The robust infrastructure of Adlib Express Server is designed to be a foundation for growth that allows Life Sciences and Pharmaceutical organizations to take advantage of existing investments in skills and technology to achieve document management efficiencies that truly support the critical work they do on behalf of humanity and their shareholders. These solutions are also flexible and scalable enough to act as the launching pad for adopting innovative new methods of information management to achieve competitive advantages over time.

Remote Computer Services to save time and money

Nowhere is far for remote computer service

Remote computer service is the next generation solution in the realm of IT support. Remote access enables computer technicians to service computers from a different location by way of phone, e-mail, Internet or desktop access software. The technician can then perform activities like repair and maintenance without having to visit the site.

Even hardware issues like external devices not functioning can be resolved by remote phone support as often the solution is to check whether all devices are connected properly through the correct ports.

A Multi-purpose tool

Another important aspect of remote computer service is its practical feasibility; tasks from basic troubleshooting to complicated ones like data backup can all be managed by way of remote access. Most computer repair service firms complement their remote access solution (online) with on-site support wherein a technician visits the premises if required.

Remote desktop access service is often looked upon as a novelty as the concept of a technician taking control of the system from a distant location while you are able to watch the proceedings on the desktop is a learning as well as fascinating experience. The feature though requires the technicians to have a vast knowledge base and experience for best results as the support required is across various functionalities. Service firms today have personnel specializing in different domains like network support technicians, data management professionals and Operating system experts among others.

Access for All

Remote support is available 24/7 making it an asset for people who work at odd hours; the facility is often tagged along with other features like phone support and data center management, the entire package being referred to as managed services. Managed services are a total package solution offered by computer firms where the service company manages the entire IT needs of another company. The package generally includes network connectivity, the infrastructure required for it, data management which could also include designing of software systems for particular tasks as well as technical support.

Remote service can be availed of by commercial and business ventures as also by individuals depending upon the requirement and the ease of access to support. The service can be utilized as a stand alone support feature in a Pay As You Go Along plan or as part of a customized solution based on a fixed duration subscription fee.

Another aspect of remote computer service is its aid in educating subscribers in basic troubleshooting techniques which enables them to be self reliant for most issues. A good service technician should not only resolve the issue but also inform you about the steps taken to arrive at the solution.

With increasing technology sophistication small and medium businesses now have access to innovation like remote computer service which was earlier affordable only for large scale companies. The solutions have helped the companies in saving time and money to a considerable degree with on the spot solutions and increased efficiency leading to higher productivity.

Fulfill your Financial Needs by Comparing Loans

There are different types of financial products in the UK loan market. Consumers can opt for household loans while businessmen have an alternative in the form of commercial borrowing. The requirements for taking a loan are generally different in both the cases.

In case of commercial loans, you are required to submit a project report that is very much an integral part of the loan process. Remember that project report is not just a formality as many people think. It is a very important document that manifests how you will be using the loan amount and how much viable it is for a lender to give you money. In other words, if your loan application is not supported by an impressive project report, you may lose out on the chance to get a loan sanctioned for your business project.

As far as consumer or household loans are concerned, everything depends on your credit rating and repayment capability. A person having an edge on these two fronts will be most advantageously placed to get a personal loan. However, there is another aspect that you should take care of and it is the selection of loan. To compare personal loans available in the market and then choose a suitable option for your financial needs require some efforts on your part. You can compare loans on the Internet itself. There are many loan comparison websites that will help you in this process.

Mostly, the loan comparison websites are independent and unbiased. These websites provide comparative data in respect of thousands of products available on the Internet. Loans and other financial products are just few of them. The best part is that the consumers are not charged anything for using the comparison facilities. These price comparison websites generate revenue by getting commission from the sellers. Thus, they are not only wonderful sources of information but also an effective tool to compare loans.

Apart from taking help from loan comparison websites, you can also compare personal loans on your own. For this, you can apply with several lenders of your choice and compare their loan offers. You can compare loans on the basis of the annual percentage rates that they carry. The annual percentage rate takes into account all collateral expenses relating to a loan including arrangement fees and brokerage charges. Other terms and conditions like prepayment penalty, repayment holidays, accelerated repayments, etc., should also be considered. These days loans can be applied on the Internet, making it very easy for a consumer.

Clean Malware From Your Windows Computer The Fast And Easiest Way

For PC users that may have had to cope with the problem of Malware, you are aware of the time and tension that it takes to get the problem ironed out. If you have not been hit with any form of Malware, consider yourself fortunate, but you should realize that there is a great chance that at one point you will run the possibility of your computer getting it. As a person that repairs computers as a career, it is tough to even let you know how challenging a task it is to get a PC that has gotten infected by Malware performing how it was before the infection. To repair this infection, I have to commit a great chunk of time and labor and the repair bill is very often high. This is the reason why I genuinely want you to be informed about the best Malware removal tools that exist on the Internet now.

Even though I get paid a lot to repair these computer problems, I do not like charging for expensive repairs such as this. The good news is, there are many current software tools that charge a lot lessthan what I might bill to fix a computer, and they do a really fantastic job.

This is the way these web sites work:

First, you go on to a web site that has a Malware tool that examines your computer. After the scan is done, you will be quickly told whether you have Malware present in your computer, such as worms, backdoor programs, or trojans that could be wreaking havoc on your computer. When that is completed, the next prompt needs to be clicked to let the software clear any contamination that is on your computer.

These websites provide a huge, up to date database of the latest threats to your computer. Because websites such as these have very large databases that constantly keep all Malware profiles up to date, they can keep your PC clear of the up-to-the-minute threats to the security of your computer. Every single day there are current Malware threats created and these websites are your foremost protection from them. After your computer has been checked and fixed, you will need to be sure that you run checks regularly to make certain that the issue doesn’t return.

Doing this is the preferred course of action to circumvent paying a technician like me to restore your PC. You will also save a whole lot of cash by using these online tools.

The Human Factor of Electronic Discovery

The fact that Electronic Discovery is essential and prevalent in the Legal Practice has now become almost a cliché. Attorneys and their clients, in large firms, and small, have gone through several whirlwind years in regards to E-Discovery and have no doubt been bombarded with unending admonitions regarding the discoverability of electronic information, spoliation, and the importance of metadata as a whole. Zubulake v. UBS Warburg, 220 F.R.D. 212 (S.D.N.Y. 2003), United States v. Philip Morris USA Inc., 327 F.Supp.2d 21 (D.D.C.2004), Columbia Valley Reg’l Med. Ctr. v. Bannert, 112 S.W. 3d 193 (Tex. App. 2003).

The rapid invasion of technology within the corporate world has forced a steady (and speedy) change to the legal landscape. That E-Discovery is now a part of an attorney’s life and requires focus is no longer resisted (and certainly, can no longer be ignored). E-Discovery is here to stay, that will not change – what has to change (and should change) over the years is our approach.

A short 5 years ago, the abilities of Electronic Discovery and Forensics vendors were closely watched and compared, ensuring that each had the tools and knowledge to handle the complicated ethereal world of computer bits and bytes. Yet, fast forward to the present day and the capabilities of these vendors are no longer under the microscope. The general legal population has heard more than enough regarding the importance of metadata and the need to ensure the forensic integrity of computer files. There have been enough ups and downs throughout these past few years, for most of the existing vendors to have the E-Discovery process down to a routine (albeit a continually evolving routine). So, with all these vendors, new and old, big and small, all sharing essentially the same abilities, the deciding focus has been shifted to something else. It is no longer technological know-how, but people know-how.

Just as the importance and strengths of the Knowledge Worker has been routinely touted by the late, great, Peter Drucker, the need for “people-consideration” was an inevitable evolution within the legal tech community. It is no longer a question of which vendor can process native electronic files for review, but a question of which vendor would stay around on a holiday to process those files. And the emphasis is no longer on whether or not a vendor has the capacity to handle multiple hard drives, but rather which vendor has implemented project management methodologies to streamline their workload.

Thus comes, the “H-Factor”, the Human Factor. The process of E-discovery has now essentially evolved to a point where a true gain in the edge over the opposing side can only be made with increased team building skills – not server building. A strategy planned by a group of competent and willing individuals will add much more efficiency to the various tasks of e-discovery than the latest and greatest on the bleeding edge of technology. From data gathering, to processing, and on through review and production, the most important asset for an electronic evidence-ntensive case is not the hardware, but the members that form your team, both your in-house staff and your chosen vendors.

The Project Manager
A project is often defined as a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service. And the process of E-Discovery fits that description to a tee. Rarely, if ever, would the electronic evidence component of two cases match exactly – but the best practice procedures and strategies for analyzing them will be similar. And your Project Manager, be she in-house or a vendor, should be well versed in those procedures. For the duration of the case, the Project Manager will need to become your very best friend. She must be the able to

Understand and predict potential pitfalls or delays that may occur within the E-Discovery Process, such as potentially running into password protected files, encountering legacy hardware or software, receiving large amounts of duplicated information, delay in shipping or receiving, inaccessibility of data custodians, and much more,

Be proactive in keeping you up-to-date on progress and scheduling while you are trying to handle the legal aspects of the case

Ensure that adequate resources are available to handle any fluctuations of workflow,

Ensure that proper training procedures are in place to provide efficiency in review,

Address any side technical issues which may be slowing down the review or production process, such as network bandwidth, computer availability, and user account maintenance.

The Sales Representative
Keep the number of your vendor Sales Rep as close to you as that of the project manager. She is the extra boost in speed that you may have to call upon every so often. While the Project Manager coordinates the work, your Sales Rep will know where to cut the red tape within the vendor’s organization which might be slowing the process down. Individuals in sales are trained to put your needs first since they want your continual business. Where the Project Manager may need to adhere to certain protocols and rules, the Sales Rep is given leverage to bypass those same rules to keep the client, meaning you, happy. It is not something to be abused, but the extra push she would be able to generate within the company could mean the difference between a Friday or a Monday production deadline.

The Technology Department/The Lit Support Personnel
For the larger firms, e-discovery consultation should begin with the Technology or Litigation Support department. Allow them to give you a bird’s eye view of the impending project. They are the ones who will be able to help you narrow down the net you need to cast. They are there to aid you in answering questions such as:

What is needed for your firm to access the vendor’s processed data? Firewall port openings? Local installs of special applications?

How much of the data just received from the client are simply computer operations files unrelated to your case?

What are the potential file types, system types that you will have to deal with?

Though your technology help desk staff may not be qualified to operate as forensics experts, they will at the very least be able to provide to you an assessment of the tasks ahead. And knowing what you are up against will allow you to formulate a better plan. While the vendor may know their platform and electronic discovery in general, your Technology Department knows your firm’s infrastructure.

The Reviewers
The E-Discovery process obviously does not stop when all data has been safely collected and processed for review. And one of the most glossed over steps tends to be the review process and the reviewers themselves. Remember that the reviewers will likely know less about electronic data than you do, and may require training in not only in the content they are searching, but also how to make use of the review software. This is especially true for larger cases which often involve an army of temp attorneys, individuals who likely have had little or no experience with the review platform chosen for your case. When dealing with reviewers, try to consider the following:

Have they been provided with sufficient hands-on training for the software?

Do they have quick reference guides easily accessible? – a training manual is fine, but during a tight review schedule their time would be better spent on the actual review rather than flipping through the thick tomes of software instructions.

Are they keyboard or mouse oriented users, and can the software be adapted to either types? The savings of a few mouse or keyboard clicks can translate into hours of review time.

Are the reviewers stacked in shifts to allow for a continuous review? – not only will this maximize the number of review hours you may have, but also lighten the strain that your technical equipment may experience in a large review.

No doubt the hardware and software components of an E-Discovery matter is important. But hard drives and processors can be purchased, servers can be built, and software can be programmed. The human touch, on the other hand, can mean the difference between smooth sailing and being caught in a storm. A simple and effective strategy by a group of knowledgeable and hardworking individuals will ensure the efficiency that your best computers can not. The technical factor is important, but the human factor gives you the true edge.

Japan; the New Birthplace of Robots

From Toys to Tech, Why Japan is a Robot’s Number One

Japan is the country that gave the world giant robots, small robots and human sized robots. From the fictional Mobile Suit Gundam to the small tea-making robot maid, Japan’s robotics technology has been pushing the limits of our minds and imagination. Just this July 2009, Japan has unveiled a giant life sized model of the fictional robot RX-78-2 Gundam at Tokyo’s Odaiba park. This structure is not a robot, but is a model of one. This is a testament to the nation’s dedication and fondness for the field of robotics.

In recent years, automobile manufacturers Honda and Toyota have been in research and developing humanoid robots. Asimo, Honda’s robot, is more popularly known and has become the icon of robotics in this day and age. Asimo is able to carry items, walk, sprint a little and jump all while staying on its two feet. It is also equipped with sensors for detecting and identifying people, and has excellent control of its hands, allowing it to hold both fragile and heavy objects.

Day to Day Japanese Robots

Robots are not limited in shape and form to be similar to humans; many robots in use today are found in industrial factories, performing tasks inappropriate for humans such as doing precision laser welding, carrying heavy loads and even really boring tasks like moving a box from one platform to another.

Recently the utilization of these robotic arms and limbs has been moved outside the factory and into more unconventional locations. One such example is a noodle shop in Japan where the ramen is made by robots. Of course, taking orders and accepting payments are done by humans, the broth or ramen stock is also prepared by humans. The robot limbs ensure the ramen is cooked consistently and accurately, garnishes and toppings are accurately measured and added into the broth. They also prepare the ramen fast, in less than two minutes.

There are also robots being used to make coffee. The mini coffee-making robot maid is a small humanoid robot that stands a little below five inches. She has legs for movement and arms for grabbing objects. When all utensils and ingredients for making coffee are positioned in exact locations, the robot maid will scoop up the proper measurement of coffee, sugar and cream, pour hot water and stir the brew properly.

Of course, this only works if every single item it located at the proper area since the robot cannot easily detect items. Should this technology be perfected, we would eventually be able to enjoy the service of fully automated robot helpers.

Robots in Today’s Japan

Japan also has claim on many robot firsts. They have made a robot that has modeled on the catwalk. They also created a robot teacher who could teach class and recognize students. From tour guides, to receptionists, Japan is slowly creating robots that would perform many service oriented tasks. While robot may gain more and more usage, their presence is not meant to substitute that of humans. Robots are being developed to do our jobs so that we can spend more time focusing on living our lives.